Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Hye Sun Jung

27 Articles

An Analysis of Factors associated with Annual Trends in Childbirth Plans by Female Workers: Jee Seon Yi, Hye Sun Jung; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2019;30(3):357-367. Published online September 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.3.357

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PURPOSE
The aim of this study is to identify factors of Korean female workers' childbirth plans and to establish measures to improve the childbirth plan.
METHODS
Study subjects were selected part in the 1st, 3rd, and 5th year surveys of the Korean Longitudinal Panel Survey of Women and Families. The selection criteria were as follows: women who had a spouse; were salaried workers currently employed for the last one month; belonged to a childbearing age; and had less than 3 children. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate factors associated with childbirth plans.
RESULTS
Childbirth plans by female workers decreased each year. The analysis of associated factors revealed that age, number of children were associated factors in all years. In addition, education, satisfaction about dividing household chores with the husband, and satisfaction about working environment were associated with the lack of planning for childbirth in female workers in the 1st survey year. Satisfaction about dividing household chores with the husband, family-work conflict, and satisfaction about the potential for personal development were associated factors in the 3rd survey year. Finally, family-work conflict, satisfaction about employment stability, and satisfaction about job task at work were associated factors in the 5th survey year.
CONCLUSION
It is important to know the measures focusing on the lack of planning for childbirth, and hence these factors can be improved by assessing in general, family, and occupational characteristics. Additionally, employer policies regarding women employees who are pregnant or have children at home need to be reviewed.

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Adult Perceptions of Healthy Pregnancy: A Focus-Group Study
Hae Won Kim, Duck Hee Kim, Hyang Yuol Lee, Young Jin Lee, Hye Young Ahn
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(7): 2460. CrossRef

Factors that Have Effects on Public Health Center Volunteers' Satisfaction with Their Work: Jin Hwa Lee, Hye Sun Jung, Yun Jeong Yi, Hyun Ju Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2013;24(2):143-150. Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.2.143

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and satisfaction with volunteer work in a population of health care center volunteers. Ultimately, the results from this study would help to find ways to keep volunteers continuing their work.
METHODS
The participants of this study were 179 volunteers who were affiliated with three health care centers located in Gyeonggi-do. Descriptive statistics and multi-stage regression were conducted to analyze data.
RESULTS
Self-esteem was significantly associated with the satisfaction with volunteer activity. In addition, the relationship with clients rather than volunteers' general characteristics was also significantly related to the satisfaction with volunteer work.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, it is necessary to increase a volunteer's self-esteem so that the volunteer can keep continuing his or her volunteering activities. Also, in order to promote good relationships between the volunteers and the clients, it will be important to teach communication skills to volunteers.

Workers' Health Belief in Health Promotion Programs and Related Factors: Young Im Kim, Soon Lae Kim, Hye Sun Jung, Souk Young Kim, Hyun Ju Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2009;20(4):465-473. Published online December 31, 2009

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between worker's health belief in health promotion programs and their demographic, health, and health behavior characteristics.
METHODS
This study used survey data from 262 small- and large-scale workplaces. The study included 1149 male and female workers who completed the questionnaires.
RESULTS
The health belief score increased significantly with age and length of service. Male, married, shift-work, and white-collar workers showed a significantly higher health belief score than female, single, non-shift-work, and blue-collar ones. Workers with disease history, hypertension, or obesity had a significantly higher health belief score. Regular exercise was significantly correlated with the health belief score. When all the variables were included in the model, the health belief score was significantly higher in workers who were married, had a longer length of service, worked in the sales department, were diagnosed with hypertension, exercised regularly, and felt fatigue.
CONCLUSION
The results showed that workplace intervention programs meet more the needs of workers who have a higher health belief score. In addition, given that healthier life style was related to a higher health belief score, further research is required to find how to change health behavior in workers.

Development of an Intervention List for Family Nursing Care: Young Im Kim, Hee Gerl Kim, Hye Sun Jung; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2009;20(2):123-133. Published online June 30, 2009

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study aimed to classify nursing interventions by developing a list of interventions for family nursing care.
METHODS
A new intervention list was confirmed after the researchers' discussion and professional consult. All possible interventions were re-organized.
RESULTS
Five grand categories were identified, which include health education, providing direct nursing care, utilization and referral of community resources, reinforcing family resources, and stress management. The category of health education consists of anticipatory guidance, training and education, providing information, and consult and motivation. The category of providing direct nursing care consists of identifying problem, providing technical nursing, providing family tailored nursing care, family contract, monitoring or evaluation, and collaboration with experts. The utilization and referral of community services includes utilization of health care facilities, utilization of social welfare facilities, use of neighbors, friends, and relatives, connecting to professionals or supporting groups, and utilization of other sources. Reinforcing family resources includes reinforcing economic resources, reinforcing physical resources, and reinforcing human resources. Stress management includes reorganization of perception, resolving conflicts, division of role, preparing communication strategies, time management, creating familiarity, supporting spirituality, and developing sense of humor.
CONCLUSION
This study provides useful resources to promote nursing activities by identifying possible family nursing interventions.

The Relationship between Psychosocial Factors and Subjective Symptoms of Musculoskeletal Diseases: Hye Sun Jung, Yun Jeong Yi, Sook In Kim, Jong Eun Lee, So Young Lee, Kyung Mi Yang, Soon Lae Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2008;19(3):388-397. Published online September 30, 2008

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between psychosocial factors and subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal diseases.
METHODS
This study analyzed the data of '2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey' conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs.
RESULTS
When examining the complaining rate of subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal diseases according to body region, the rate was highest (6.0%) in the knee region, which was followed by the finger region (3.4%), the wrist regions (2.3%) and the elbow region (2.1%). All the regions of elbow, wrist, finger and knee had a high complaining rate of subjective symptoms such as stress, sad or depressed mood, and attempted suicide.
CONCLUSION
From the results of this study, it is identified that psychosocial factors such as stress, depression, and attempted suicide have significant influence on the complaining rate of subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal diseases. Consequently, in order to prevent and treat musculoskeletal diseases, we need to manage stress and to prevent feeling depression.

A Study on the Effects of the Reduction of Working Hours on Female Workers' Fatigue: Bok Im Lee, Hye Sun Jung; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2007;18(2):276-283. Published online June 30, 2007

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This present study has been conducted on female workers' shorter working hours in order to look into their fatigue level and the correlation between fatigue and working hours.
METHOD
We surveyed 237 respondents using a questionnaire from June 1st to June 20th, 2005.
RESULTS
The means of total fatigue complaint was 3.45. The fatigue level was significantly higher in the lower age group, unmarried group, manager group and shorter working duration group. And the fatigue level was significantly correlated to working hours and work intensity. In the results of stepwise multiple regression, factors affecting the fatigue level were the change of work intensity, age, regular diet habit, working hours and the type of occupation.
CONCLUSION
It is necessary to prepare the health promotion programs, which can reduce female workers' fatigue level and relieve the intensity of their works.

Factors Influencing Workers' Need for Health Promotion Programs: Soon Lae Kim, Young Im Kim, So Young Lee, Hye Sun Jung, Young Hee Kim, Young Suk Song; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2006;17(4):530-541. Published online December 31, 2006

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Risk Factors of Arthritis in Middle-aged Women in Korea: Kyung Mi Yang, Soon Lae Kim, Jong Eun Lee, Hye Sun Jung, Sook In Kim, So Young Lee, Yoon Jung Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2006;17(4):512-520. Published online December 31, 2006

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Comparative Analysis of Influencing Factors on Implementation of Mammography for Ordinary Women and Outpatients: Young Im Kim, Chang Hyun Lee, Hye Sun Jung, Ji Yoon Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2006;17(1):56-64. Published online March 31, 2006

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study is to conduct a comparative analysis of influencing factors on the experience of mammography targeting ordinary women and outpatients.
METHODS
The target subjects were 116 ordinary women and 105 outpatients, and the study period was around 8 months from May to December.
RESULTS
When mammography experience was examined, it was found that mammography experience was conducted in 44.8% of ordinary women and 59.0% of outpatients, but this study showed that there was a statistically significant difference. When the relation between the characteristics of the targeted objects and the experience of mammography was examined, it was found that ordinary women have a lot of experience when they have regular exercises and a high health belief. On the other hand, in case of outpatients. mammography experience was more frequent in the older group. In addition, outpatients had experiences in breast-related diseases or high self-efficacy. It was also found that the influencing factors on the experience of mammography were a high health belief in case of ordinary women, and old ages and high self-efficacy in case of outpatients.
CONCLUSIONS
In order to increase the rate of conducting early detection behavior for mammography, it is needed to conduct an intervention that increases health belief for ordinary women, while it is effective to conduct an intervention that increases self-efficacy for outpatients.

The Factors Affecting Job Stress and Job Satisfaction of Nurses at Welfare Centers in Seoul: Hee Ja Lim, Hye Sun Jung, Jung Wan Koo; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2005;16(3):341-350. Published online September 30, 2005

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this research was to find out factors affecting job stress and job satisfaction of nurses working at the welfare centers.
METHODS
This study was performed with 140 nurses who were working at or had retired within 1 year from general welfare centers in Seoul during the period from March 29 to February 29 2004. We used a questionnaire asking about general characteristics. work characteristics. stress factors and job satisfaction. We analysed 103 subjects who replied to the questionnaires.
RESULTS
The mean job stress level was 2.84 out of 5 and. as for the sub-factors of job stress. income was 4.19, career development 3.69, service environment 3.26 and support system 1.90. The mean job satisfaction level was 3.32 out of 5 and. as for the sub-factors of job satisfaction, job control was 3.58, efficiency of organization 3.27, job burden and responsibility 2.92 and role ambiguity 2.25. When the nurses' job stress was compared according to their general and work characteristics. stress level was significantly high in nurses who had a short experience. were working at the department of senior welfare center. or were the only staff at their workplace (p<0.05). In addition. satisfaction level was significantly high in nurses who were working at the department of senior welfare center and medical welfare team. were the only staff at their workplace or had a heavy work load (p<0.05). According to the results of multiple regression analysis. job stress level was influenced by age (R2=0.212, p<0.01). and job satisfaction level by the number of staffs and work load (R2=0.272, p<0.1).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the study suggest that good atmosphere should be made up to communicate between the departments at the workplace in order to lessen job stress and enhance job satisfaction of nurses working at welfare centers. In addition. role division and job duties among special staffs should be reviewed in order to achieve high efficiency in performing job duties.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Occupational Health Nurses' Early Breast Cancer Screening: Chang Hyun Lee, Young Im Kim, Hye Sun Jung, Ji Yoon Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2005;16(1):68-76. Published online March 31, 2005

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Factors Influencing Depression with Emotional Labor among Workers in the Service Industry: Bok Im Lee, Hye Sun Jung, Soon Lae Kim, Kyung Yong Rhee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(4):566-576. Published online December 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

A Study on Soldiers' Knowledge, Attitude and Health Belief about AIDS: Eun Sue Moon, Hye Sun Jung, Eun Sook Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(2):298-307. Published online June 30, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study purposed to investigate the relationship between soldiers' general characteristic and their knowledge, attitude and health-belief about AIDS.
METHOD
This study conducted a survey of 197 soldiers using a structured questionnaire. Data were collected from the 10th to 30th of May 2003.
RESULT
The average age of the participants was 21.6 years, 78.2% of them were undergraduates of universities, and by religion the number of Christians was largest. In addition, 81.2% of them had lived with their parents and siblings before they joined the army and most of them were unmarried. Of the subjects, 75.1% finished education about AIDS, 64.5% experienced a sexual intercourse and 6.3% experienced a venereal disease. The participants' knowledge level about AIDS was 14.6 out of 20 points and their attitude about AIDS is 3.96 out of 5 points on the average. Their health-belief about AIDS was 4.0 out of 5 points in "perceived benefits," 2.9 in "perceived barriers," 2.6 in "perceived seriousness" and 2.6 in "perceived sensitivity. Among the subjects' general characteristics, religion was found to be a statistically significant variable for their knowledge level about AIDS. A variable that is statistically significant for the subjects' attitude toward AIDS was families they had lived together before joining the army. Statistically significant variables for the subjects' healthbelief about AIDS were perceived sensitivity and experience in venereal diseases, perceived benefits and AIDS education and perceived barriers and marital status. The subjects' knowledge about AIDS was in a statistically significant correlation with their attitude toward AIDS, and their attitude toward AIDS with perceived benefits.
CONCLUSION
According to the results of this study, those who had had AIDS education appeared to have high attitude and health-belief concerning AIDS. Thus it is necessary to execute AIDS education systematically and continuously in order to have right attitude and high health-belief concerning AIDS.

The Effects of Job Stress on Workers' Physiological Somatic Complaints: Jong Eun Lee, Soon Lae Kim, Hye Sun Jung, Bok Im Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(2):289-297. Published online June 30, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was conducted to determine factors affecting workers' physiological somatic complain using the Job Stress Model proposed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
METHOD
Data were collected from the 1st to the 30th of December 1999. The subjects were 2,123 workers employed at 155 work sites. Collected date were analyzed through SAS/PC program.
RESULT
According to individual characteristics, younger and women groups showed significantly higher physiological somatic complaint than elder men groups. By work condition, groups with higher physiological somatic complaint included workers of irregular shift work. Dark lighting, improper temperature in winter, improper ventilation, inappropriate humidity, unpleasant work environment and crowded work place were significantly related with physiological somatic complaint. By work-related factor, physiological somatic complaint was high in those with higher variance in work load, quantitative work load, role conflict, job burden, role ambiguity and future ambiguity. On the other hand, physiological somatic complaint was low in those with little underutilization of ability. As for the relationships between physiological somatic complaint and non-work related factors, physiological somatic complaint was high in workers who had a side job, were bringing up infants alone, cleaned the house alone, cared for the elderly and disabled persons, were studying, were volunteering at another organization, and were spending 5-10 hours in religious activities per week. Physiological somatic complain was in significantly negative correlations with overall social support, supervisory support and family support, but in significantly positive correlations with co-worker support.
CONCLUSION
The main predictors of physiological somatic complain were gender, shift work pattern, overtime work, ventilation, role ambiguity, role conflict, future ambiguity, job control, variance in work load, overall social support, worker with side job, worker who cleans the house alone, worker who is studying. These predictors explained 19.10% of the total variance of physiological somatic complain.

Factors Affecting Early Detection Behaviors of Breast Cancer: Young Im Kim, Chang Hyun Lee, Su Hyung Yang, Hye Sun Jung; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):155-164. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting early detection behaviors of breast cancer such as breast self examination(BSE), breast physical examination, mammography.
METHOD
The subjects were 141 women on an island and materials were collected through an organized questionnaire from March, to August 2002. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, x2-test, and logistic analysis by SAS program.
RESULTS
52.7% of the subjects performed breast self examination, 67.2% did breast physical examination and 67.7% did mammography. That is, about 60% of the subjects performed early detection behavior to find the breast cancer. Practice of breast self examination was significantly correlated with experience of physician examination and mammography. The most significant factor on BSE was a normal salted diet, and the most significant factor on physical examination and mammography was the high education level of subjects.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the results of this study, it suggests that intensive education and information strategies for breast cancer early detection need to be developed. In particular, early detection programs for lower educated women should be activated.

Analysis of the Use of Personal Protective Equipment Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior: Hye Sun Jung, Mee Young Gee, Jung Wan Koo, Won Gi Jhang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2003;14(4):639-645. Published online December 31, 2003

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Abstract PDF: This study was purposed to apply Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior to workers using personal protective equipment. For this purpose, occupational health nurses conducted a survey of 173 male workers who were working at 6 different factories during the perid from August to October 2003. The score of each variable related to the Theory of Planned Behavior was calculated: attitude (3.74); subjective norm(4.10); and perceived behavioral control(3.48). Four preceding factors were also assessed: behavioral belief(3.63); outcome evaluation (4.05); normative belief (4.20); and motivation to comply(4.03). Analysing the results, we found that two factors of the Theory of Planned Behavior are important in this case, which were subjective norm and perceived behavioral control that were found to be in a strong positive linkage with the use of personal protective equipment. Thus enhancing subjective norm and perceived behavioral control must be the most important goal of health education for workers who must use personal protective equipment. In addition, though behavioral intention, an intermediate factor of the Theory of Planned Behavior, was not measured in this study, subsequent studies are expected to include the factor in their models.

The Effects of the Music Therapy on the Anxiety and Satisfaction of Clients with Cataract Surgery under Local Anesthesia: Sun Young You, Hye Sun Jung, Jung Wan Koo; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2003;14(3):407-414. Published online September 30, 2003

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to discern the effects of music therapy on the patients' level of anxiety and operative satisfaction during cataract surgery under local anesthesia.
METHOD
The subjects for this study were fifty patients. Half of the subjects were categorized as an experimental group and the other half as a control group. All of the subjects were admitted to one hospital in Seoul for cataract surgery. This study was conducted from September 7 to October 2, 2002. The level of anxiety determined by self-reporting anxiety, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, was measured before and after the music therapy. The satisfaction degree was measured after the surgery. The tools for this study were Spilberger's state anxiety inventory and Patient Care Management System. Each patient in the experimental group chose the music used in his/her surgery and it was played through an audio system in the operating room. The data analysis was performed using the SAS/pc+(version 8.0).
RESULTS
1. The anxiety of the experimental group decreased significantly compared to the control group. 2. The pulse rate of the experimental group decreased more than the control group. 3. The blood pressure of the experimental group decreased more than the control group. 4. The operative satisfaction of the experimental group was higher than the control group.
CONCLUSION
According to the previous results, music therapy turned out to be a very efficient way to increase the satisfaction of a cataract patient after surgery by reducing the anxiety and the pulse rate of the patient during an operation with local anesthesia.

Family Phenomena and Characteristics by Social-economic Charateristics of the Family: Young Im Kim, Hee Girl Kim, Hye Sun Jung, Jin Kyung Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2003;14(2):263-273. Published online June 30, 2003

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to identify the family phenomenon and characteristics by ICNP such as family shape, life standard, area, and development stage.
METHOD
1. Sample size was 115. 2. Data analysis method included frequency analysis including ratio.
RESULTS
1. On the distribution of the family phenomena by family shape, the nuclear family showed a higher ratio on the distribution in family communication and the unhealthy life style. The nuclear family was related to children andhad a higher ratio on the inadequate care management of the sick member. The extended family showed the highest ratio on the inadequate care management of sick member. 2. On the distribution of the family phenomena by family life standard, the family with medium life standard showed a higher ratio on the inappropriate family coping, whereas the family with lower life standard appeared to have a higher ratio on the inadequate care management of the sick member. 3. On the distribution of the family phenomena by area, the large city area showed the highest ratio on the inappropriate family coping, the medium and small city area appeared to have the highest ratio on the unhealthy life style. The county area showed the highest ratio on the inadequate care management of sick member. 4. On the distribution of the family phenomena by development stage, the family in rearing period showed a higher ratio on the inappropriate family coping and the lack of family intimacy. Families with preschool children showed a higher ratio on the unhealthy life style, and families with school age children showed the highest ratio on the inappropriate family coping. Families with adolescents appeared to have the highest ratio on the disturbance in family communication, and families with launching young adults showed the highest ratio on the inadequate care management of sick member. 5. On the distribution of the family characteristics by family shape, the nuclear family showed a higher ratio on the family characteristics such as less communication chances among family members and neglect of general child rearing, whereas the third generation family appeared to have a higher ratio on the characteristics such as overburden of housewife's role and short of caring among family members. 6. On the distribution of the family characteristics by family life standard, the family of medium life standard showed higher ratio on the family characteristics such as a few communication chance among family and overburden of housewife's role, and the family of lower life standard appeared to higher ratio on the family characteristics such as short of caring among family members. 7. On the distribution of the family characteristics by area, the large city area showed a higher ratio on the family characteristics such as overburden of housewife's role and neglect of general child rearing. The medium and small city area appeared to have a higher ratio on the family characteristics such as less communication chancec among family members. The county area showed a higher ratio on the family characteristics such as short-term care among family members. 8. On the distribution of the family characteristics by development stage, the family with rearing period showed a higher ratio on the family characteristics such as neglect of general child rearing. Families with preschool children showed a higher ratio on the family characteristics such as less communication chancec among family members. Families with school age children showed a higher ratio on the family characteristics such as overburden of housewife's role. Families with adolescents appeared to have a higher ratio on the family characteristics such as less communication chances among family members. Families with launching young adults showed a higher ratio on the family characteristics such as less communication chances and short-term care among family members.

Factors Related with Job Satisfaction in Workers: Through the Application of NIOSH Job Stress Model: Soon Lae Kim, Hye Sun Jung, Bok Im Lee, Jong Eun Lee, Kyung Yong Rhee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2003;14(2):190-198. Published online June 30, 2003

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Abstract PDF: This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting job satisfaction in workers by using the Job Stress Model proposed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Data were collected from December 1 to December 30, 1999. The subjects were 2,133 workers employed at 155 work sites, who were examined using NIOSH Job Stress questionnaire translated by the Korea Occupational Safety & Health Academy and Occupational Safety & Health Research Institute. SAS/PC program was used for statistical analysis using descriptive analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient, ANOVA, and Stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows. 1. According to general characteristics of the subjects, job satisfaction was high in those with less number of children. 2. By work condition, job satisfaction was higher in those who were working in a permanent job position, were working with regular time basis than with shift basis, were working in regular shift hours than in changing shift hours, were working for a short period, and were working less hours and overtime works per week. 3. In terms of physical work environment, job satisfaction was significantly related to 10 physical environmental factors. In other words, job satisfaction was high in workers who were working in an environment with no noise, bright light, temperature adjusted to an appropriate level during summer and winter, humidity adjusted to an appropriate level, well ventilation, clean air, no exposure to hazardous substance during work hour, overall pleasant work environment and not crowded work space. 4. By work-related factors, job satisfaction was high in those with less ambiguity about future job and role, high job control/autonomy, and less workload. On the other hand, job satisfaction was low in those with little utilization of competencies, and much role conflict at work and workload. 5. As for the relationships between job satisfaction and the non-work related factors, job satisfaction was high in workers who were volunteering at different organizations or active in religious activities for 5-10 hours per week. 6. In the relationships between job satisfaction and buffering factors, significantly positive correlations were found between job satisfaction and factors such as support by direct superior, support by peers, and support by spouse, friend and family. 7. There were nine factors that affected job satisfaction in the workers: age, number of children, work hours per week, noise, temperature at the work site during summer, uncomfortable physical environment, role ambiguity, role conflict, ambiguity in job future, work load, no utilization of competencies and social support from direct supervisor. These nine factors accounted for 26% of the total variance in the multiple regression analysis. In conclusion, the following are proposed based on the results of this study. 1. The most important physical environmental factors affecting job satisfaction in workers were noise, role ambiguity, and work load, suggesting a need to develop strategies or programs to manage these factors at work sites. 2. A support system that could promote job satisfaction is needed by emphasizing the roles of occupational health nurses who may be stationed at work sites and manage the factors that could generate job stress. 3. Job satisfaction is one of the three acute responses to stress proposed in NIOSH job stress model (job satisfaction, physical discomfort and industrial accidents). Therefore, further studies need to be conducted on the other two issues.

Awareness and Opinion of Occupational Health Manager on the Deregulation of Occupational Safety and Health: Soo Man Park, Hye Sun Jung, Bok Im Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2003;14(1):83-94. Published online March 31, 2003

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Analysis of Phenomena and Characteristics of Family Nursing in Korea by INCP: Young Im Kim, Hee Girl Kim, Soon Nyung Yun, Hye Sun Jung, Jin Kyung Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2002;13(4):608-617. Published online December 31, 2002

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to analyze phenomena and characteristics of family nursing in Korea based on the study by Yun et al. (1999) by ICNP. The subjects of this study were 115 reports on family nursing care in Korea National Open University. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In the phenomenon of family nursing 'Inappropriate family coping' comprised of 17.0% and 'Inadequate care for a sick mumber' comprised of 16.8% 2. It was found that ' A few close neighbors was 62.5% 'Lack of communication between married couple' was 60.0% 'Neglet of general child rearing' was 40.9% 'Closed communication pattern of the head of a family' was 36.0% and 'Inadequate distribution of each family member's role' was 27.2% 3' Lack of family interaction in community' and 'Social isolation' were combined with 'Lack of family interaction in community' an 'Disturbance in family communication' and 'Lack of family intimacy' were combined with 'Disturbance in family communication' 4. 'Dual-loading with office work and housework' 'Overload of caring one's elders because of the status as a dual-income family ' and 'Lack of family support system' were added into 'Inappropriate family coping'.

Occupational Health Care Management Model in Small Scale Enterprises: Soon Nyung Yun, Hye Sun Jung; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2001;12(3):647-660. Published online December 31, 2001

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Abstract PDF: Forming health care management model in small-scale enterprises was the purpose of this study. For the purpose, we tried to investigate the characteristics of small-scale enterprises and analyzed the pattern of their health care management. The results are as follow: 1. The strength of health managing agency and technical supporting program lies in team approach by specialized manpower. However, if the liaison between each part of the organization is not smooth, the overall management will be very difficult. 2. Small scale enterprises are characterized by their short life after the establishment, use of rental building, lack of welfare facilities, weakness in sanitary management and aggregation of factories of similar type of industry. Because of these characteristics, it is very difficult to solve problem basically, such as improvement of working environment. Therefore, it is important to focus on health education and community-based approach. 3. Many workers in small-scale factories are in middle and old age. They have health problems mainly related to personal habits. Implementation of an appropriate health promotion program is needed. 4. The number of workplaces, which should be managed by health managing agent, is increasing rapidly. But the number of health managing agent is limited. In the aspect of the requirement of manpower and equipment, training personal agent is more urgent than founding institutional agent. 5. The uniform method of health management hampers the choice of employer and workers. The types of provision of health management should be diversified. 6. For an efficient management, a frequent visit of personal agent and the following referral to a specialist should be done. The specialists in charge of secondary management are from the field of occupational medicine, occupational hygiene, ergonomics, etc. 7. The health management of small-scale facilities should have six components. They are community-based approach, multi-disciplinary cooperative system, program based on the need of recipient, forming partnership of employer and worker, change of lifestyle, and evidence-based program.

Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Low Back Pain of Women Workers in the Manufacturing Industry: Hye Sun Jung, Sook Ja Choi, Won Ki Jhang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2001;12(2):504-512. Published online September 30, 2001

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Abstract PDF: For the purpose of grasping the actual condition of low back pain in women workers, 166 women in two neighboring factories were studied using questionnaire. 60% of the workers complained of low back pain, and 63% of them responded that their low back pain come from their job. About the severity, 77% marked the moderate, and 15% said absences owing to the pain. But 60% of them have not sought medical help. The low back pain occurred mainly in the workers of sitting posture and in the workers of treating heavy objects. And the workers who have worked over three years are dominant(44%) in the pain group. Comparing the pain group with the non-pain group, two variables - whether the worker treats heavy materials or not, and how heavy the materials are - showed statistically significant differences. So, there must be concern over the low back pain of women workers. In operation allocation, treating heavy objects and lifting up should be carefully considered. And for the prevention of low back pain, the workers need education and pain exercise.

The Study on Medication Management in Small-to-Medium Sized Workplaces and the Level of Awareness about "Separation of Prescribing and Dispending": Young Im Kim, Ju Ok Jee, Soon Nyung Yun, Hye Sun Jung, Sook Ja Choi, Jung Ok Lee, Hyun Jung Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2000;11(2):513-525. Published online December 31, 2000

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Abstract PDF: This study was to investigate medication management and the level of awareness about separation of prescribing and dispending at small-to-medium sized workplaces which have less than 300 employees in Korea. The data were collected by questionnaires from May to June in 2000. The number of subjects were 127 workplaces and 130 employees. The SAS PC Program was used for the descriptive statistics. The results are as follows; 1. The over the counter(OTC) drug was provided sufficiently(91.1%). but medication management was not performed systematically. 2. On drug-providing rate and drug-using rate, the latter was high in the workplace and Health care management's nurses consume all of the over the counter drug provided. 3. When the separation of prescribing and dispending starts, employees shall be medically examined, treated and prescribed by physicians and drugs shall be dispended by pharmacists. It is necessary to make it possible to visit health care institutions whenever they want to. (eg. lunch time or after work) They should change their drug-dependent behaviour. We should focus on strengthening Health Promotion Program to prevent disease by making habitual of health promotion behaviour.

Emergency Care Conditions where the Nurse is posted in the 119 Relief Squad: Young Im Kim, Hye Sun Jung, Chang Hyun Lee, Gum Sook Kim, Jung Young Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2000;11(2):411-422. Published online December 31, 2000

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study is to identify the difference of emergency care conditions where the nurse is posted in the 119 relief squard or not. The data composed a total of 777 cases of emergency activity of one police stand in Seoul during March, June. September and December in 1998. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The age of the subjects was 20-60 age 54.3%, over 60 age 35.4% with an average age of 50.2. Among them men were 55.0%, the unemployed were 60.8%. The place of the occurrence of an accident was the house, 49.7% and the cause as illness was 59.6%. 2. The main symtom was pain the 36.2% the main consciousness state was alert 76.9%: The state of the patients as chronic was 59.6%. 3. The consulting hospital of the 119 relief squad as a third medical center was 79.9%. The distance to the medical center as less than 5 km was 77.2%, and an average transfer distance was 5.38 km. The cases of doctor guided emergency care was 0.9%, the cases that had posted nurses in 119 relief squads was 48.6%. 4. The case of the best emergency care operation was difficulty in breathing, 62.1% and the second was unconsciousness, 46.1 %. The more serious the consciousness state, the higher the rate of emergency care operation. There wasn't any difference in emergency care operation concerning transfer distance. 5. The cases that had the posted nurses was 19.1%, the cases of no nurse was 11.7% among the cases of emergency care operation during transfering; the cases that had posted nurses had the higher emergency care operation. (p<0.05). Airway maintenance was 14.8% in cases that had the posted nurses, while in the cases of no nurse, 10.9%; and oxygen inspiration was 16.0% in cases that had the posted nurses while in the cases of no nurse 7.6% (p<0.01); spinal fixation was 6.6% in cases that had the posted nurses while in the cases of no nurse 4.6%(p<0.05). With these results, we can conclude that the cases that had the posted nurse showed higher emergency care operation.

Health Problems of Female workers in Small Workplace: Young Im Kim, Soon Nyung Yun, Jeong Myung Choi, Chun Mi Kim, Hye Sun Jung; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2000;11(1):117-126. Published online June 30, 2000

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Abstract PDF: For basic data to develop health management program of female workers. this study was intended to characterize factors affecting health problems of women at workplace which has less than 50 workers by Cornell Medical Index(CMI). 195 items of CMI questionnaire were simplified to 57 items which were composed of 35 items concerning physical health problems and 22 items concerning mental health problems. The data was collected during 6 months from July 10 to December 30 and analyzed with frequency, percentage, t-test and ANOVA. The 107 female workers included in this study was characterized to be mainly twenties(64.5%), single(69.2%) and working at production position(89.7%). The most frequent physical problem was fatigability and the next, neurological system and cardiovascular system. Main mental complaints were inadquacy. anger and tension. When the health problems were reviewed according to its general characteristics, anger in young age, adaptiveness in single and respiratory complaints in self-recognized unhealthy group were prevalent. According to life styles. the prevalent complaints were musculoskeletal one in alcoholic group and cardiovascular one in group who are sleeping just for four to five hours. The appropriateness of each items of CMI should be evaluated to reveal the reasons why meaningful results could not come from many items of this questionnaire. The repeated study should be carried out to figure out the health problems and its related factors of female workers at small scale workplace. Also, exercise program and abstinence from drinking and smoking should be carried out for female worker's health.

Current State of Occupational Health in Small-Scale-Enterprises of Korea: Soon Nyung Yun, Young Im Kim, Hye Sun Jung, Soon Lae Kim, Kyung Hae Yoo, Young Sook Song, Hwa Joong Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2000;11(1):90-104. Published online June 30, 2000

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Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to investigate the current state of occupational health management and characteristics of employees working in small-scale-enterprises (SSE) employing less than 50 workers. Samples were chosen among the two thousands employees working in 838 factories where located in Youngdungpo-Ku, Seoul, Korea. The study results were as followed: 1. Most factories investigated in the study were manufactures (68.6%) which were established in 5 to 10 years ago (29.2%), employing less than 5 workers (72.9%) and registered in accident compensation insurance (23.0%). 2. Health screening was undertaken in 24.9% workplaces for periodic health examination and in 1.5% for special health examination. Environmental monitoring was done in 3.3% factories. Very few factories displayed Material Substance Data Sheet (MSDS) in 3.1% among the total factories. 3. Workplaces usually had their own toilets in 75.9% and washing basin in 58.6% as types of sociowelfare facilities. 4. Employees responded in the study were mostly in the range of age from 30 to 39 in 34.7%. male in 84.8%. the married in 70.3%. manual workers in 42.0%. mostly working regularly 51 hours per a week in 48.2% and earned 710.000 Won to 1.000.000 Won per month in 35.0%. Medical utilization for employees were covered by factories sponsored medical insurance in 12.7% and by provincial sponsored medical insurance in 83.4%. 5. Two point six percents of employees were suffered by diseases. The health complaints indicated were mainly digestive problems in 46.7% and hypertension in 24.4%. 6. Employees wore personal protective equipments for work such as gloves in 48.1%. safety shoes in 30.5%. ear plug in 5.5% and mask in 6.9%. Based on the results of study, we recommend that various types of occupational health management should be developed according to workplace working condition of each factory. In addition to the development of occupational health strategies. we think that it is more important to monitor and to allocate how effectively they operate each other on the basis of longitudinal continuity. Besides, we would like to insist that these all management effort should be focused on prevention of disease and occupational health education of employees.

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